Engelder named one of top 100 global thinkers

Public release date: 28-Nov-2011
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Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-9481
Penn State

Terry Engelder, professor of geosciences, Penn State, has been named one of Foreign Policy Magazine's "Top 100 Global Thinkers" for 2011.

Engelder, along with Gary Lash, professor of geoscience, State University of New York, Fredonia, with whom he collaborates, and George P. Mitchell, Texas oilman, were designated number 36 on the list "for upending the geopolitics of energy."

In 1979, Mitchell backed the idea that breaking up shale containing natural gas deposits -- fracking -- would release vast reserves of natural gas. While fracking took years to perfect, the approach reordered the global balance of energy and the political power that comes with it, according to the magazine.

In 2008 Engelder and Lash estimated reserves of the U.S. Northeast's Marcellus shale formation at 50 trillion cubic feet. In 2009, Engelder revised the reserve estimate up to 489 trillion cubic feet, making it the world's largest unconventional natural gas reserve.

In 1983, under a National Science Foundation grant, Engelder began looking into natural fracking to generate fractures in gas shale. With Lash, he subsequently mapped the process in the Marcellus and other gas shale of the Appalachian basin. Because of the physical nature of the fractures in the Marcellus shale, they suggested that horizontal drilling -- drilling across the natural fractures of the formation -- would allow companies like Mitchell's in Texas to recover gas from the shale at economic costs even with the added expense of horizontal drilling. Their discovery applies to gas deposits globally.

"The 100 Global Thinkers" appear in the current issue of Foreign Policy Magazine. Engelder will be honored along with the rest of the Global Thinkers at a gala hosted by Washington Post Company CEO Don Graham. Foreign Policy magazine is an award-winning magazine of global politics, economics and ideas published by the Slate Group, a division of Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC.

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Public release date: 28-Nov-2011
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-9481
Penn State

Terry Engelder, professor of geosciences, Penn State, has been named one of Foreign Policy Magazine's "Top 100 Global Thinkers" for 2011.

Engelder, along with Gary Lash, professor of geoscience, State University of New York, Fredonia, with whom he collaborates, and George P. Mitchell, Texas oilman, were designated number 36 on the list "for upending the geopolitics of energy."

In 1979, Mitchell backed the idea that breaking up shale containing natural gas deposits -- fracking -- would release vast reserves of natural gas. While fracking took years to perfect, the approach reordered the global balance of energy and the political power that comes with it, according to the magazine.

In 2008 Engelder and Lash estimated reserves of the U.S. Northeast's Marcellus shale formation at 50 trillion cubic feet. In 2009, Engelder revised the reserve estimate up to 489 trillion cubic feet, making it the world's largest unconventional natural gas reserve.

In 1983, under a National Science Foundation grant, Engelder began looking into natural fracking to generate fractures in gas shale. With Lash, he subsequently mapped the process in the Marcellus and other gas shale of the Appalachian basin. Because of the physical nature of the fractures in the Marcellus shale, they suggested that horizontal drilling -- drilling across the natural fractures of the formation -- would allow companies like Mitchell's in Texas to recover gas from the shale at economic costs even with the added expense of horizontal drilling. Their discovery applies to gas deposits globally.

"The 100 Global Thinkers" appear in the current issue of Foreign Policy Magazine. Engelder will be honored along with the rest of the Global Thinkers at a gala hosted by Washington Post Company CEO Don Graham. Foreign Policy magazine is an award-winning magazine of global politics, economics and ideas published by the Slate Group, a division of Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC.

###

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-11/ps-eno112811.php

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US Senate To Vote On Bill That Will Allow The Military To Arrest Americans On American Soil And Hold Them Indefinitely

The total link site for the news and information junkie: Libertarianism. Property Rights. Government Corruption. Chicago Mob. Struggle Against Socialism. Union Corruption. Pension Meltdown. Blacked Out History. New York Mob. Higher Education rip-offs. Housing Crash. Rent-seeking. Obama-Chicago Democratic Machine. Gun Control Monopolists. The Ron Paul Revolution. Organized Crime...Other Politically Incorrect matters of interest.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/wHtV/~3/NVxPF3J8be0/us-senate-to-vote-on-bill-that-will.html

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Climate change hits Africa's poorest farmers (AP)

HARARE, Zimbabwe ? As she surveys her small, bare plot in Zimbabwe's capital, farmer Janet Vambe knows something serious is happening, even if she has never heard of climate change.

"Long ago, I could set my calendar with the date the rains started," the 72-year-old said. Nowadays, "we have to gamble with the rains. If you plant early you might lose and if you plant late you might win. We are at a loss of what to do."

Paramu Mafongoya, a University of Zimbabwe agronomist, says Vambe's worries and those of millions of other poor farmers ? most of them women ? across Africa are a clear sign of the impact of climate change on a continent already struggling to feed itself. Changes have been noted in the timing and the distribution of rainfall on the continent. Zimbabweans say the rainy season has become shorter and more unpredictable, Mafongoya said.

Climate change "is a serious threat to human life," Mafongoya said. "It affects agriculture and food security everywhere."

International climate change negotiators meet in the South African coastal city of Durban starting Monday. Their agenda includes how to get African and other developing countries the technology and knowledge to ensure that people like Vambe can keep feeding their families without looking for emergency food aid.

A Green Climate Fund that would give $100 billion a year by 2020 to developing countries to help them fight climate change and its effects was agreed on at last year's climate talks in Cancun, Mexico. Durban negotiators hope to make progress on addressing questions such as where the money will come from and how will it be managed.

Climate change specialist Rashmi Mistry said her anti-hunger group Oxfam will be in Durban lobbying to ensure that women have a voice in managing the Green Fund, and that their needs are addressed when its money is spent. Most small-scale farmers in Africa are women, and they also are the ones shopping for the family's food. But tradition often keeps them out of policymaking roles.

Mistry said when yields are low and market prices are high, women are the first to suffer.

"She's the one usually who will feed her husband first and feed her children first, and she will go hungry," Mistry said.

Across Africa, said Andrew Steer, the World Bank's special envoy on climate change, farmers need to triple production by 2050 to meet growing needs.

"At the same time, you've got climate change lowering average yields by what's expected to be 28 percent," Steer said. He called for more investment in such areas as agricultural research and water management.

Experts already are working on solutions. For example, Africa Harvest, a think tank that uses science and technology to address poverty and improve livelihoods among some of the poorest people in Africa, is working with farmers in an arid stretch in eastern Kenya who were finding it harder and harder to grow their usual crops of corn and beans. Africa Harvest got farmers to switch to sorghum. They have seen bumper harvests as a result because they are focusing on the right crop and the right practices for the climate, said Moctar Toure, chairman of Africa Harvest, who will be in Durban for the talks.

"The way we do agricultural development has to change," Toure told The Associated Press. "We need to balance the need to increase farm productivity with environmental conservation. We will also work towards broad policy changes in our target countries in order to address endemic problems (affecting women) such as land right security, access to credit and knowledge."

Experts worry that one consequence of resources becoming scarcer will be more frequent conflict. Already, Zimbabwe has seen aid used as a political weapon. Those who can prove their loyalty to longtime President Robert Mugabe's party have been seen to be favored when it comes time to hand out seeds or food.

Modern techniques of growing drought-resistant crops like sorghum and millet, staggering planting programs, irrigation and harvesting rain and river water in dams help minimize the risk to farmers. But Zimbabwe's modern agricultural infrastructure has been disrupted by a decade of political and economic turmoil.

Acute food shortages eased after Zimbabwe adopted the U.S. dollar to end world-record inflation in 2009, but local farm production continues to decline. This month, the U.N. food agency said more than 1 million Zimbabweans needed food aid and poor families, especially households with orphans and vulnerable children, can't afford much of the food that is available. Most of that food is imported.

Climate change, like the political problems linked to poverty in Zimbabwe, is manmade, though over a longer term.

Scientists say the accumulation of carbon dioxide traps the Earth's heat, and is causing dramatic changes in weather patterns, agricultural conditions and heightened risks of devastating sea-level rise. Industrialized nations bear the bulk of the blame, since they have been pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere for 200 years.

Africa emits only about 3 percent of the total greenhouse gases per year, but its fragile systems and impoverished people are hardest hit by the consequences.

Weather experts say Zimbabwe's average rainfall has decreased over the decade and October temperatures this year soared to above 40 Celsius (104 Fahrenheit), the highest since 1962.

Harare meteorologist Jephias Mugumbate said rains in January and February ? crucial for the ripening of crops ? can no longer be relied on.

It was often said drought in southern Africa recurred every 10 years.

"But now it has become more frequent and intensified. Temperatures show an upward trend and instead of being cooler our nights are becoming hotter," Mugumbate said

Like Vambe, tens of millions of Africans rely on rain-fed agriculture.

Vambe's corn crop has supported her family for more than five decades. But her yields have been steadily falling.

She walks at daybreak to her nearly bare field 10 miles (15 kilometers) from her home in the impoverished western Harare township of Highfield. She has finished planting her seed with the help of her two grandchildren. The dusty brown soil beckons for rain.

Maize, the nation's staple food, needs 60 days of moisture to reach maturity.

"The rains have become erratic. We can no longer rely on the seasons," Vambe said.

She has had to replant on several occasions because of a "false start" to the rainy season.

"This is what has been affecting our yields since 2000. We are no longer getting good yields because the rain comes and goes away," she said.

In the past, the growing season ended in March and harvests were gathered through April.

"Today, nothing is definite. You get rain in April then our maize rots in the fields," Vambe said. "If we are not respecting our spirits and if they are angry, there will be no rain."

____

Associated Press Writer Donna Bryson in Johannesburg contributed to this report.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/africa/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111126/ap_on_re_af/af_climate_african_farmers

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Former NYT columnist, author Tom Wicker dies (Providence Journal)

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Legal issue snags Holiday outreach plan - WISH TV 8

HOPE, Ind. (AP) - A program designed to help struggling families during Christmas won't be able to provide gifts for needy children this year after organizers ran afoul of the state's charity raffle laws.

Reserve police officers in Hope, about 40 miles southeast of Indianapolis, recently tried to raffle a shotgun as a fundraiser for Christmas outreach efforts. The proceeds would have helped officers take underprivileged children shopping and provide holiday food baskets for struggling families.

But the raffle was canceled after members of the Hope Town Council questioned whether the event was legal, The Republic reported (http://bit.ly/uzcwph ).

Indiana law requires organizations hosting a charity raffle to register as a tax-exempt charity and be licensed by the Indiana Gaming Commission, said Larry DeLaney of the gaming panel.

Greg Potts, a senior reserve officer for Hope police who oversees the group's fundraising efforts, said he hadn't been aware of the requirements when the tickets were sold. The officers had done the holiday outreach for at least seven years. Last year, they took about 10 children shopping for Christmas gifts, spending $30 to $40 on each of them.

Potts said there isn't enough time between now and Christmas to complete the process to conduct the raffle legally.

All ticket buyers were refunded their money, he said.

Potts said he expects the reserve officers to get the necessary approvals before next year so they can resume the holiday raffle.

He said there was no issue with the raffle prize being a shotgun.

"We could have been raffling off potholders; it's just the fact that Indiana state statute says you have to have a license, and we didn't have that," he said.

___

Information from: The Republic, http://www.therepublic.com/

Source: http://www.wishtv.com/dpp/news/local/south_central/holiday-outreach-canceled-over-raffles-legality

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Man dressed as Gumby pleads guilty to burglary (AP)

SAN DIEGO ? A man accused of trying to rob a San Diego 7-Eleven while dressed as Gumby has pleaded guilty to misdemeanor burglary.

A lawyer for 19-year-old Jacob Kiss entered the plea Wednesday. Kiss' accomplice, 20-year-old Jason Giramma, also pleaded to the same charge. Both men were placed on three years of probation.

The San Diego Union-Tribune ( http://bit.ly/rUcmV2) reported that the men will be allowed to withdraw their pleas if they comply with the probation terms.

Police say the men entered the convenience store on Sept. 5. A clerk says the Gumby character claimed to have a gun but in a television interview, Kiss says the clerk misunderstood him. Kiss and Giramma turned themselves into police days later and the Gumby suit was seized.

The attempted stickup was captured on videotape.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/crime/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111124/ap_on_re_us/us_gumby_charges

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LG Sketches Future Prada 3.0 Smartphone [Phones]

LG's long-running partnership with fashion people Prada will continue in 2012, with both companies announcing a renewed friendship — and revealing the above sketch of a future Prada branded smartphone. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/2cXWGs3aHHw/lg-sketches-future-prada-30-smartphone

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Happy Thanksgiving! Here's a Roundup of iOS Gaming Goodness ...

posted November 24th, 2011 12:40 PM EST by Eli Hodapp in Featured, News, Sales

Hey guys! It's Thanksgiving, and being a holiday that means exactly one thing for iOS gamers: Absolutely massive price drops everywhere. The best part about this is that all of these sales seem to be in effect worldwide, so even if you don't get to partake in the tradition of gorging yourself on turkey, you can still partake in buying games on the cheap.

Here's the larger sales we've posted about:

For even more sales you can stop by our Price Drops, Must-Have Freebies, and Deals forum, where everything that's even remotely worthwhile is being posted about. In specific, SirAwesome is doing a awesome job keeping this compilation of sales rolling. In addition, you can find all the sales out there by checking out our sister site AppShopper. I wrote up a guide on how to do this back on Labor Day, but here's the links you need in a nutshell:

This week was (somewhat predictably) incredibly slow both for newly released games and overall iOS news. All you really need to do to get caught up is check out our Infinity Blade 2 preview, and be aware of The Desert Bus Child's Play charity drive. In other news, Apple did some supreme waffling with subscription-based gaming on the App Store. Allowing the first game then pulling the plug quite literally the next day. That's too bad, too, as giving developers more flexibility on how they can sell their games is never a bad thing.

Oh also, Imangi Studios' Temple Run [Free] is available again after some approval process drama. They managed to work with Apple to get it back online and slide in a new update. There's better Game Center integration, two new playable characters, six new achievements, three unlockable wallpapers and even iCade support. If you haven't grabbed it yet, get on it.

That's about it! I'm not sure much will be happening around here on Black Friday, so if there aren't any new iOS developments we'll see you guys on Monday!

Source: http://toucharcade.com/2011/11/24/happy-thanksgiving-heres-a-roundup-of-ios-gaming-goodness/

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Photoblog: Cattle banditry threatens peace in young country of South Sudan

Cattle raids are not new in South Sudan. But with a gun surplus left behind by two decades of civil war with Sudan, the raids are more violent, adding fuel to long-standing economic and ethnic rivalries?in the herding communities. South Sudan officially became Africa's 54th nation in July, but the young country continues to struggle with internal violence.

Tony Karumba / AFP - Getty Images

A herdsman from the Dinka tribe is pictured at a cattle-camp near south Sudan's central town of Rumbek.

BBC News describes the importance of cattle to the South Sudanese culture:

In many South Sudanese communities the cow is incredibly important.

It is a source of personal wealth, and young men cannot get married without paying a dowry of cows.

So, in what are very poor communities, cattle raiding has become a way of life for some.

To make matters worse, automatic weapons are everywhere, following decades of civil war.

In the past, cattle raids caused relatively few casualties. Now the guns boom, and scores or even hundreds die in a day - creating a commensurate desire for revenge.?

Tony Karumba / AFP - Getty Images

A herdsman stands among his cattle at a cattle-camp near south Sudan's central town of Rumbek on Nov. 13. One of Africa's longest-running wars left this land in ruins and battling a bitter legacy that threatens prospects for peace -- a stockpile of weapons spurring cattle raids and banditry.

See more about Sudan's split?into two countries

Source: http://photoblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/11/25/9025528-cattle-banditry-threatens-peace-in-young-country-of-south-sudan

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Romney wins endorsement from Thune (AP)

WASHINGTON ? Presidential candidate Mitt Romney was set to announce Wednesday the endorsement of South Dakota Sen. John Thune, a rising star in the Republican Party who had weighed a White House bid of his own before deciding to stay in the Senate and move up in his party's leadership.

Thune is the latest high-profile Republican to back Romney, the former Massachusetts governor who opened the week with the backing of another emerging GOP star, Sen. Kelly Ayotte of New Hampshire. Romney, who enjoys steady support in the polls and a sophisticated political and fundraising machine, is looking to demonstrate his strength with fewer than six weeks before the first nominating contests.

"Mitt Romney has shown throughout his life in the private sector, as leader of the Olympics, as governor and in this campaign that he will not back down from difficult challenges," Thune said in a statement. "His plans to revitalize the private sector and restore our country's fiscal health are drawn from his 25-year career as a conservative businessman."

Thune, who won his seat by defeating Democratic Leader Tom Daschle in 2004 and coasted to a second term last year without a Democratic opponent, was set to appear with Romney in Des Moines on Wednesday. The endorsement came a day after Romney posted yet another strong debate performance and a day before most campaigns planned a brief break from politics for Thanksgiving.

Thune is also the latest of the Republicans who mulled a White House bid ? or, in the case of former Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty, actually launched one ? only to line up behind Romney.

New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, who reconsidered his early insistence he would not run after party leaders pined for him, backed Romney last month.

Earlier this week, Rep. Charlie Bass of New Hampshire joined Romney's campaign. Bass, who served six terms in Congress before losing his re-election bid in 2006, only to win back his seat in 2010, was named a national adviser to the campaign. He joins other New Hampshire notables, including Ayotte, former Sen. Judd Gregg and former Gov. John H. Sununu.

Romney has long enjoyed a strong advantage in New Hampshire, where he placed second during his 2008 White House bid and where he owns a vacation home. Romney, the former governor of neighboring Massachusetts, has high name recognition in New Hampshire and has built a solid get-out-the-vote operation.

But he's starting to eye Iowa as a target as well. He recently opened a campaign office there, and his campaign gave first word of the Thune endorsement to The Des Moines Register and The Sioux City Journal in the hopes of building buzz there.

Romney aides immediately confirmed the endorsement, hoping to signal unstoppable momentum behind Romney this time around.

In 2008, Romney spent $7 million on Iowa airwaves and built an enormous statewide organization, but he never won over conservatives who dominate the early decision-making.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/politics/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111123/ap_on_el_pr/us_romney_thune

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Plane with drugs left at Texas airstrip was sold (Providence Journal)

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Ravens beat 49ers 16-6 in duel of Harbaughs (AP)

BALTIMORE ? John Harbaugh could have gloated. He could have bragged.

Instead, the Baltimore Ravens coach played the role of gracious big brother after he bested Jim Harbaugh and the San Francisco 49ers 16-6 Thursday night in the first NFL game featuring brothers as opposing head coaches.

The Ravens (8-3) tied a franchise record with nine sacks to end San Francisco's eight-game winning streak.

"To the 49ers and to my brother, I can't tell you enough how proud I am of him and the job he's done building that football team," John said of Jim, a rookie NFL coach. "That's a football team. The way they're built, it's pretty hard to figure out a way to beat them."

John, 49, and Jim, 47, grew up dueling each other in all sorts of games. This, however, was the first time their sibling rivalry was displayed on a national stage.

During the final minute, John got a Gatorade bath from his players ? twice. After the game ended, the brothers hugged at midfield.

"There's a saying that says, `As iron sharpens iron, so does one man sharpen another,'" Jim said. "And I have to say my brother John is the sharpest iron I've ever encountered in my life."

The Ravens chased, hindered and battered 49ers quarterback Alex Smith for much of the night despite playing without middle linebacker Ray Lewis, the team's leading tackler and spiritual leader. Lewis was inactive for a second straight game with a foot injury.

Smith completed 15 of 24 passes for 140 yards and an interception, and San Francisco (9-2) was held without a touchdown for the first time this season. Smith never could get into a rhythm against an aggressive defense that rarely let him set up in the pocket.

"It's tough to get ready for a defense like that in a short week. They do so many things," he said. "They're a great front. At home with the crowd noise, they were teeing off."

Terrell Suggs had three sacks for first-place Baltimore, which moved a half-game ahead of the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC North.

"That's always the game plan, to get after the quarterback, but I think the No. 1 game plan was to win the Harbaugh Bowl," Suggs said. "Coach tried to downplay it ? act like it's not me against my brother, this is the Ravens vs. the 49ers and let's get win No. 8 and make sure our destiny is in our own hands ? but it was really important to him. We as a team went out there and really wanted to win for him."

Baltimore broke a 6-6 tie with a 76-yard, 16-play drive that lasted more than 7 1/2 minutes and ended with an 8-yard touchdown pass from Joe Flacco to tight end Dennis Pitta with 14:56 left. Flacco went 4 for 4 for 34 yards and a touchdown on third down during the drive.

"When you have that kind of game plan ? your line being so efficient on third downs ? you have to come through," Flacco said.

Billy Cundiff wrapped up the scoring with his third field goal, a 39-yarder with 4:16 remaining.

In a game dominated by both defenses, Flacco finished 15 for 23 for 161 yards and Ray Rice ran for 59 yards on 21 carries.

The 49ers began the third quarter with a 13-play drive that lasted 7 1/2 minutes and produced a 52-yard field goal by David Akers for a 6-6 tie. The key play was an 18-yard completion from Smith to Michael Crabtree on a third-and-17 from the San Francisco 26.

The Ravens responded with their lone touchdown drive of the game.

Baltimore sacked Smith four times in the first half and picked off a pass in taking a 6-3 lead.

The Ravens took the opening kickoff and moved 55 yards ? 38 of them on a pair of Flacco-to-Anquan Boldin completions ? before Cundiff kicked a 39-yard field goal.

Late in the first quarter, a 20-yard completion from Smith to tight end Vernon Davis set up a 45-yard field goal by Akers.

The 49ers blew a chance to take the lead when Frank Gore was penalized for a chop block on a 75-yard touchdown pass from Smith to Ted Ginn, who got behind Cary Williams deep down the middle.

Neither team had much luck moving the ball until San Francisco's Tarell Brown was called for pass interference on a long pass to Torrey Smith. The 50-yard penalty put the ball at the 15, and although the Ravens turned it into a first-and-goal at the 4, they had to settle for a 23-yard field goal with 2:51 left in the half.

NOTES: Baltimore has won all six home games this season and 15 of 16. ... Gore finished with 39 yards on 14 carries. ... Although the Ravens had a first-and-goal at the 4 in second quarter, the 49ers held and kept intact their distinction of not allowing a TD rushing all season. ... Lee Evans had a catch for the Ravens, his first reception since Week 2 after missing seven games with an ankle injury.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111125/ap_on_sp_fo_ga_su/fbn49ers_ravens

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Egypt market rebounds from early losses (AP)

CAIRO ? Egypt's benchmark stock index rebounded on Wednesday, ending a 10-day losing streak as investors stepped in for bargains after escalating protests against the military rulers and violence battered the market and raised questions about the country's political stability.

The Egyptian Exchange's EXG30 index ended the day about 1 percent higher at 3,717 points, partly reversing the previous day's nearly 4.8 percent slide. Brokers, however, were not optimistic that the gains could be sustained, given continued clashes between protesters in Cairo's Tahrir Square and security forces and the activists' rejection of concessions offered late Tuesday by Egypt's military ruler, Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi.

Tantawi, in a bid to end days of violent demonstrations that have left dozens dead, offered to hold a referendum that would allow Egyptians to decide whether the military should return to its barracks. The military took power following the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak in mid-February.

"The general situation is not encouraging," said Khaled Nagah, senior broker with Mega Investments. "Tahrir still hasn't calmed down, and it's unlikely that tomorrow there will be any significant gains in the market."

Nagah said that Western and Arab investors are leaving the market and that "there's no buying power and no liquidity."

"As long as the situation continues like this in Tahrir, the stock market is not safe to invest in, even though there are great bargains to be had," he said.

The past few days of losses on the exchange have pushed its year-to-date losses to almost 48 percent, making it one of the worst performing markets in the world.

Traders said the losses so far this year have reached nearly 190 billion Egyptian pounds ($31.8 billion), of which 12 billion came in Tuesday's session.

The clashes and continued protests come days before the Nov. 28 parliamentary vote ? a ballot that was to be a milestone moment in Egypt's transition to democracy after nearly 30 years of authoritarian rule by Mubarak. But the violence, and calls by some for a second revolution, have cast a pall on the process and raised questions about whether it will go ahead as scheduled.

They also underscore a rift in Egypt, where youth activists and their backers maintain that the military has largely undercut the earlier popular uprising by pursuing the same policies as Mubarak's regime.

Their complaints reverberate against criticism by millions of others who feel that the constant protests and strikes since Mubarak handed over power have done nothing but batter the economy and make their lives even more difficult.

The Egyptian pound again breached the 6 pounds to the U.S. dollar mark on Wednesday, according to currency website, XE.com. The government has been intervening for months to keep that from happening.

Further reflecting how investors view the current political situation in Egypt, the country's five-year credit default swaps ? the cost of insuring its sovereign debt against default ? climbed by 7.26 basis points to reach 552.26 basis points, according to market data provider CMA.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/economy/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111123/ap_on_bi_ge/ml_egypt_economy

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Facebook Says Literally Everyone Is Only 4.74 Degrees Away [Factoid]

Privacy, the concept of friendship—add one more thing to the list of notions Facebook's smashed. The old assumption that we're all connected by six degrees of separation is outdated, Facebook says: now it's 4.74, across the globe. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/4lVF67DzoCo/facebook-says-literally-everyone-is-only-474-degrees-away

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Physicists set strongest limit on mass of dark matter

ScienceDaily (Nov. 23, 2011) ? Brown University physicists have set the strongest limit for the mass of dark matter, the mysterious particles believed to make up nearly a quarter of the universe. The researchers report in Physical Review Letters that dark matter must have a mass greater than 40 giga-electron volts. The distinction is important because it casts doubt on recent results from underground experiments that have reported detecting dark matter.

If dark matter exists in the universe, scientists now have set the strongest limit to date on its mass.

In a paper to be published on Dec. 1 in Physical Review Letters, Brown University assistant professor Savvas Koushiappas and graduate student Alex Geringer-Sameth report that dark matter must have a mass greater than 40 giga-electron volts in dark-matter collisions involving heavy quarks. (The masses of elementary particles are regularly expressed in term of electron volts.) Using publicly available data collected from an instrument on NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and a novel statistical approach, the Brown pair constrained the mass of dark matter particles by calculating the rate at which the particles are thought to cancel each other out in galaxies that orbit the Milky Way galaxy.

"What we find is if a particle's mass is less than 40 GeV, then it cannot be the dark matter particle," Koushiappas said.

The observational measurements are important because they cast doubt on recent results from dark matter collaborations that have reported detecting the elusive particle in underground experiments. Those collaborations -- DAMA/LIBRA, CoGeNT and CRESST -- say they found dark matter with masses ranging from 7 to 12 GeV, less than the limit determined by the Brown physicists.

"If for the sake of argument a dark matter particle's mass is less than 40 GeV, it means the amount of dark matter in the universe today would be so much that the universe would not be expanding at the accelerated rate we observe," Koushiappas said, referring to the 2011 Nobel prize in physics that was awarded for the discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.

The Fermi-LAT Collaboration, an international scientific collaboration, arrived at similar results, using a different methodology. The Brown and Fermi-LAT collaboration papers will be published in the same issue of Physical Review Letters.

Physicists believe everything that can be seen -- planets, stars, galaxies and all else -- makes up only 4 percent of the universe. Observations indicate that dark matter accounts for about 23 percent of the universe, while the remaining part is made up of dark energy, the force believed to cause the universe's accelerated expansion. The problem is dark matter and dark energy do not emit electromagnetic radiation like stars and planets; they can be "seen" only through their gravitational effects. Its shadowy profile and its heavy mass are the main reasons why dark matter is suspected to be a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP), which makes it very difficult to study.

What physicists do know is that when a WIMP and its anti-particle collide in a process known as annihilation, the debris spewed forth is composed of heavy quarks and leptons. Physicists also know that when a quark and its anti-quark sibling annihilate, they produce a jet of particles that includes photons, or light.

Koushiappas and Geringer-Sameth in essence reversed the annihilation chain reaction. They set their sights on seven dwarf galaxies which observations show are full of dark matter because their stars' motion cannot be fully explained by their mass alone. These dwarf galaxies also are largely bereft of hydrogen gas and other common matter, meaning they offer a blank canvas to better observe dark matter and its effects. "There's a high signal-to-noise ratio. They're clean systems," Koushiappas said.

The pair analyzed gamma ray data collected over the last three years by the Fermi telescope to measure the number of photons in the dwarf galaxies. From the number of photons, the Brown researchers were able to determine the rate of quark production, which, in turn, allowed them to establish constraints on the mass of dark matter particles and the rate at which they annihilate.

"This is the first time that we can exclude generic WIMP particles that could account for the abundance of dark matter in the universe," Koushiappas said.

Geringer-Sameth developed the statistical framework to analyze the data and then applied it to observations of the dwarf galaxies. "This is a very exciting time in the dark matter search, because many experimental tools are finally catching up to long-standing theories about what dark matter actually is," said Geringer-Sameth, from Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y. "We are starting to really put these theories to the test."

The National Science Foundation funded the research.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Brown University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Alex Geringer-Sameth and Savvas M. Koushiappas. Exclusion of canonical WIMPs by the joint analysis of Milky Way dwarfs with data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Physical Review Letters, Dec. 1, 2011 [link]

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/cQf89VelihU/111123133626.htm

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West Indies win toss and choose to bat in third test (Reuters)

MUMBAI (Reuters) ? West Indies captain Darren Sammy won the toss and chose to bat first in the third and final test against India at Wankhede Stadium on Tuesday.

The visitors, trailing 2-0 in the three-match series, were forced to make two changes to their team from the second test due to fitness issues.

West Indies' key batsman Shivnarine Chanderpaul failed to recover from his calf injury while paceman Kemar Roach was suffering from a stomach bug.

Left-handed batsman Kieran Powell and paceman Ravi Rampaul, who missed the second test in Kolkata with an upset stomach, replaced Chanderpaul and Roach respectively.

Hosts India brought in right-handed batsman Virat Kohli for Yuvraj Singh, who was dropped after the second test, while paceman Varun Aaron will make his debut in place of Umesh Yadav.

Teams:

India: Gautam Gambhir, Virender Sehwg, Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar, VVS Laxman, Virat Kohli, Mahendra Singh Dhoni (captain), Ravichandran Ashwin, Ishant Sharma, Pragyan Ojha, Varun Aaron.

West Indies: Adrian Barath, Kraigg Brathwaite, Kirk Edwards, Darren Bravo, Kieran Powell, Marlon Samuels, Carlton Baugh, Darren Sammy (captain), Ravi Rampaul, Fidel Edwards, Devendra Bishoo.

(Reporting by Sudipto Ganguly; editing by Greg Stutchbury; to query or comment on this story, email sportsfeedback@thomsonreuters.com)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/india/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111122/india_nm/india606558

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Kevin Bacon's closer than you think, Facebook finds folks separated by less than 4 degrees (update)

Facebook's fertile ground for social experiments, and it wasn't all that long ago that Yahoo tested the six degrees of separation theory using the site. Not to be outdone, Mark Zuckerberg's crew, with an assist from the Laboratory for Web Algorithmics of the Universita degli Studi di Milano, has done a little digging of its own to find out just how intertwined its 721 million users really are. Turns out, instead of being six degrees away from your favorite dancing actor, you're likely only 4.74 -- which was the average distance between any two Facebook users globally. Considering that number shrinks to three when limited to relationships within your own country, and the worldwide number was at 5.28 in 2008 (and is shrinking all the time), you should be best friends with Kevin Bacon by 2020 or so. Don't believe us? There's plenty of statistical analysis to prove it at the source below.

Update: An astute commenter (with an assist from the BBC) has pointed out that the figures above correlate to the number of intermediate persons between you and Mr. Bacon, therefore the number of degrees separating you is actually one fewer.

Kevin Bacon's closer than you think, Facebook finds folks separated by less than 4 degrees (update) originally appeared on Engadget on Wed, 23 Nov 2011 02:16:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2011/11/23/kevin-bacons-closer-than-you-think-facebook-finds-folks-separa/

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Iran: President's press adviser sentenced (AP)

TEHRAN, Iran ? The Iranian president's press adviser has been sentenced to a year in prison on charges of "publishing materials contrary to Islamic norms," the official IRNA news agency reported Sunday.

Ali Akbar Javanfekr has also been banned from journalism activities for three years, IRNA said.

Javanfekr is just the latest of dozens of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's political backers to be targeted by hard-line opponents. This appears to be part of an internal power struggle over influencing upcoming elections for parliament, slated for March, and for president in 2013.

Javanfekr wrote in an official publication that the practice of women wearing a head-to-toe black covering known as a chador was not originally an Iranian practice but was imported. This was considered offensive by hard-line Iranian clerics.

The court sentenced him to six months for publication of materials and pictures "contrary to Islamic norms" and another six months for writings against Islamic norms, IRNA said.

Javanfekr has 20 days to appeal the sentence. His lawyer, Abdollah Nakhaei, said the verdict is unfair and that he will definitely appeal it.

The verdict came hours after authorities banned the pro-reform Etemaad daily for two months for publishing the text of an interview Saturday with Javanfekr, in which he criticized conservative opponents of Ahmadinejad for the arrest of dozens of the president's allies over the past months.

Authorities made no mention of the interview. Instead, they said the paper was ordered closed on charges of insulting officials and "spreading lies."

Though Ahmadinejad himself is a hard-liner, he and some of his allies have come under attack over political disputes in recent months from the same conservatives who brought him to power.

Iran experienced a wave of newspaper closures during a confrontation between reformers and hard-liners during the 1997-2005 tenure of former reformist President Mohammad Khatami.

The judiciary has shut down more than 120 pro-reform newspapers and jailed dozens of editors and writers on vague charges of insulting authorities since 2000.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/iran/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111120/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iran_adviser_sentenced

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Is Android Market Secure or Not? (NewsFactor)

There's a battle brewing over how secure the Android operating system is -- or isn't. Juniper started the brouhaha last week with a report that said mobile malware on Android platforms has climbed 472 percent since July.

Juniper's Global Threat Center report noted the main reason for the malware epidemic on Android was because of different approaches that Apple and Google take to police their application stores.

"Android's open applications store model, which lacks code signing and an application review process that Apple requires, makes it easy for attackers to distribute their malware," Juniper said. "There is still no upfront review process in the official Android Market that offers even the hint of a challenge to malware writers that their investment in coding malware will be for naught."

Security Firms Agree

Kaspersky Labs is essentially backing up Juniper. In a Thursday report, Kaspersky said the last quarter saw the share of all mobile malware in 2011 targeting Android OS reach 40 percent, firmly establishing that platform as the leading target of malicious programs.

"Kaspersky Lab analysts had anticipated that cybercriminals would look for new ways to make money on Android malware, and it didn't take long to happen," the firm wrote. "In July, an Android Trojan of the Zitmo family was detected that works together with its desktop counterpart Trojan-Spy.Win32.Zeus to allow cybercriminals to bypass the two-factor authentication used in many online banking systems."

Of course, these sorts of reports are nothing new. Symantec led the charge earlier this year by confirming Android malware was on the rise. In a February report, Symantec pointed out the latest threats and suggested that consumers only use regulated Android marketplaces for downloading and installing Android apps.

What Is the Truth?

Chris DiBona, open source and public sector engineering manager at Google, took exception to the reports about Android's security. He lashed out in a post on Google+.

"Virus companies are playing on your fears to try to sell you BS protection software for Android, RIM and iOS," DiBona wrote. "They are charlatans and scammers. If you work for a company selling virus protection for Android, RIM or iOS you should be ashamed of yourself."

DiBona admitted that a virus of the traditional kind is possible, but he said it's not probable. So what is the truth?

"The truth is that Google doesn't curate its app store. Developers can put anything they want out there," said Michael Disabato, managing vice president of Networking and Telecom at Gartner. "If I had a target like that, I would go attack it. The return on investment isn't good with iOS because it's protected by humans."

Are Juniper and Kaspersky trying to make a dollar off of the Android controversy? Perhaps, Disabato said. Although Juniper makes a virus scanning app for Android, Kaspersky doesn't. Kaspersky commented from the perspective of a security firm.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/software/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nf/20111121/tc_nf/81087

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In God They Trust

Of course, with any Eden there must be a serpent and an original sin. In the American case at least, Thomas Paine knew quite clearly what it was. The vile stain of slavery was present at every point, just as the awful profitability of cotton, and the easy availability of unpaid human labor from the African trade, corrupted the ideals of the new republic from the very first. In the end, the reckoning for this historic crime led to a war in which much of the ill-gotten wealth was squandered. On the other hand, that same civil war led to the triumph of capitalism and the expansionist state, with the new republic soon becoming an empire in all but name in the Philippines, Cuba, Haiti, and Puerto Rico.

Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=bb159cd2c9a707bef1d1e853d5e08bed

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White House urges debt panel to make "tough choices" (reuters)

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